Sure it is possible. You would need to write a plug in to do the dirty work. Look into the
DirectSound Capture interface. Once you can capture your sound from the mic, you can just send it like you would any other data over the network. Then just have the reciever play it back. You will probably have to sacrifice some quality in order to stream the sound efficiently over the internet. You should also look into some sort of compression. That will help reduce the amount of data you have to send. Look into
Ogg Vorbis. It is a free compression library with very similar performance and quality to mp3.