F: Ich möchte einen String anzeigen, als würde eine Schreibmaschine ihn tippen, so dass jedes Zeichen nach einer kurzen Verzögerung erscheint.
A: Hier ist ein Beispiel.
STRING* temp_str = "#100";
STRING* backup_str = "#100";
STRING* typewriter_str = "Hello! This is a typewriter test!";
SOUND* typewriter_wav = "typewriter.wav";
TEXT* typewriter_txt =
{
pos_x = 20;
pos_y = 20;
string(temp_str);
flags = VISIBLE;
}
function init_startup() // call this function whenever you need to
{
wait (-1); // wait until the level is loaded
var i = str_len(typewriter_str);
while(i > 0)
{
i -= 1;
str_cpy(backup_str, typewriter_str);
str_trunc(backup_str, i);
str_cpy(temp_str, backup_str);
snd_play(typewriter_wav, 60, 0);
wait (-0.3);
}
}
F: Ich brauche eine lite-C Kamera, die den Spieler von der Seite zeigt.
A: Bitte sehr.
action player_and_cam() // simple player and camera code
{
var walk_percentage;
var stand_percentage;
player = my; // I'm the player
while (1)
{
// move the player using the "W", "S", "A" and "D" keys; "10" = movement speed,
c_move (my, vector(10 * (key_w - key_s) * time_step, 0, 0), nullvector, GLIDE);
my.pan += 6 * (key_a - key_d) * time_step; // "6" = rotating speed
// place the camera 0 quants in front of the player, 200 quants sideways and 25 quants above player's origin
vec_set (camera.x, vector(0, 200, 25));
vec_rotate (camera.x, player.pan);
vec_add (camera.x, player.x);
camera.pan = player.pan - 90; // make the camera look at the player from a sideview perspective
if (key_w + key_s) // the player is moving?
{
walk_percentage += 5 * time_step;
ent_animate(my, "walk", walk_percentage, ANM_CYCLE);
stand_percentage = 0;
}
else // the player is standing still (or rotating)
{
stand_percentage += 1.5 * time_step;
ent_animate(my, "stand", stand_percentage, ANM_CYCLE);
walk_percentage = 0;
}
wait (1);
}
}
F: Wenn der Spieler einen High Score erzielt, möchte ich ihm gern die Möglichkeit geben, seinen Namen einzugeben und das in einer Datei speichern. Bislang habe ich in lite-C noch keinen solchen Mechanismus gefunden.
A: Hier ist ein Beispiel, in dem zufällig eine Zahl erzeugt wird und wenn diese größer als der High Score ist diesen Wert zusammen mit dem Namen des Spielers in eine Datei schreibt.
var high_score = 0;
var current_score = 0;
STRING* name_str = "#50"; // allow the name to have up to 50 characters
STRING* input_str = "#50";
TEXT* name_txt =
{
pos_x = 10;
pos_y = 10;
string(name_str);
flags = VISIBLE;
}
TEXT* input_txt =
{
pos_x = 10;
pos_y = 550;
string(input_str);
flags = VISIBLE;
}
PANEL* score_txt =
{
pos_x = 10;
pos_y = 10;
digits(300, 10, 4, *, 1, high_score);
digits(300, 300, 4, *, 1, current_score);
flags = VISIBLE;
}
function random_number()
{
var filehandle;
current_score = integer(random(100));
if (current_score > high_score) // a new high score was achieved?
{
high_score = current_score;
str_cpy(input_str, "New high score! Please type a name!");
wait (-3); // display the message for 3 seconds
str_cpy(input_str, "#50"); // reset the string
inkey(input_str); // now let's input player's name
str_cpy(name_str, input_str); // let's update the high score name on the screen as well
filehandle = file_open_write("highscore.txt"); // overwrite the existing highscore.txt file (if any)
file_str_write(filehandle, input_str);
file_asc_write (filehandle, 13); // write the following value on a separate line
file_asc_write (filehandle, 10); // using asc(13) = carriage return + asc(10) = line feed
file_var_write(filehandle, high_score);
file_close(filehandle);
}
}
function score_startup()
{
var filehandle;
filehandle = file_open_read("highscore.txt");
if (filehandle) // the file exists?
{
file_str_read(filehandle, name_str);
high_score = file_var_read(filehandle);
}
else // the highscore.txt file doesn't exist
{
str_cpy(name_str, "None");
high_score = 0;
}
on_r = random_number; // generates a random number every time when the player presses the "R" key
}
F: Ich weiß, dass goto in lite-C nicht funktioniert. Können Sie mir ein Beispiel zeigen, wie man goto in lite-C ersetzen kann?
A: Hier ist ein Beispiel, das funktioniert. Vergessen Sie nicht, dass das goto Label in der selben Funktion zwischen 2 Anweisungen stehen muss. Beachten Sie auch, dass die Verwendung von goto Anweisungen Ihnen und anderen möglichen Programmiern im Team das Leben schwer machen können.
function goto_startup() // simple goto example
{
randomize();
var i = random(1);
if (i < 0.5)
goto beep_once;
else
goto beep_twice;
return;
beep_once:
beep();
return;
beep_twice:
beep(); beep();
}
F: Ich hätte gern einen sich wiederholenden Ton, der leiser / lauter wird, wenn der Spieler sich entfernt bzw. näher kommt.
A: Dies können Sie erreichen, indem Sie den Ton im WED einfügen. Wenn Sie mehr Kontrolle brauchen, machen Sie es einfach so.
action looping_sound() // place a small entity in Wed and attach it this action
{
var sound_handle;
var sound_volume;
set (my, PASSABLE | INVISIBLE);
// make sure that the player action includes a line of code that looks like this:
// "player = my;" (without the quotes)
while (!player) {wait (1);}
var dist_to_player;
sound_handle = media_loop("mysound.wav", NULL, 1); // start with a small volume
while (1)
{
dist_to_player = vec_dist(player.x, my.x);
sound_volume = maxv(1, 5000 / (dist_to_player + 1)); // feel free to use your own formula here
media_tune(sound_handle, sound_volume, 0, 0); // tune the sound volume each and every frame
wait (1);
}
}
F: Ich erstelle eine U-Bahn und möchte, dass sich die Türen mitbewegen. Wie mache ich das?
A: Hier ist ein Beispiel.
// create the subway doors as mdl entities and name them subdoor1.mdl and subdoor2.mdl
function subway_door1()
{
while (1)
{
vec_set(my.x, vector(-100, -40, 10));
vec_rotate(my.x, you.pan);
vec_add(my.x, you.x);
wait (1);
}
}
function subway_door2()
{
while (1)
{
vec_set(my.x, vector(100, -40, 10));
vec_rotate(my.x, you.pan);
vec_add(my.x, you.x);
wait (1);
}
}
action my_subway() // attach this action to the subway
{
ent_create("subdoor1.mdl", nullvector, subway_door1);
ent_create("subdoor2.mdl", nullvector, subway_door2);
while (1)
{
// primitive movement code; move the "real" subway using c_move, etc
// the following loops simply move the subway back and forth along the x axis (0... 1000 quants)
while (my.x < 1000)
{
my.x += 20 * time_step;
wait (1);
}
wait (-2);
while (my.x > 0)
{
my.x -= 20 * time_step;
wait (1);
}
wait (-2);
}
}
F: Wie erstellt man Kugeln für eine Pistole? Ich weiß, dass sie mit ent_create erstellt werden, aber wir schafft man es, dass sie immer aus dem Lauf der Pistole kommen?
A: Sie können ent_create zusammen mit einem Offset benutzen, der die Position des Spielers oder seiner Waffe verwendet, genau wie ich es in dem Multiplayer Workshop dieses Monats getan habe, oder Sie können einfach einen Vertex des Pistolenmodels nehmen.
ENTITY* weapon1;
function attach_weapon1()
{
weapon1 = my; // I'm the gun
set(my, PASSABLE);
while (1)
{
vec_set (my.x, vector (20, -10, 35)); // set the proper gun offset in relation to the player
vec_rotate (my.x, you.pan);
vec_add (my.x, you.x);
my.pan = you.pan;
my.tilt = camera.tilt;
wait (1);
}
}
action players_code() // simple player and 1st person camera code
{
player = my; // I'm the player
ent_create ("weapon1.mdl", nullvector, attach_weapon1);
while (1)
{
// move the player using the "W", "S", "A" and "D" keys; "10" = movement speed, "6" = strafing speed
c_move (my, vector(10 * (key_w - key_s) * time_step, 6 * (key_a - key_d) * time_step, 0), nullvector, GLIDE);
vec_set (camera.x, player.x); // use player's x and y for the camera as well
camera.z += 30; // place the camera 30 quants above the player on the z axis (approximate eye level)
camera.pan -= 5 * mouse_force.x * time_step; // rotate the camera around by moving the mouse
camera.tilt += 3 * mouse_force.y * time_step; // on its x and y axis
player.pan = camera.pan; // the camera and the player have the same pan angle
wait (1);
}
}
function remove_bullets() // this function runs when the bullet collides with something
{
wait (1); // wait a frame to be sure (don't trigger engine warnings)
ent_remove (my); // and then remove the bullet
}
function move_bullets()
{
VECTOR bullet_speed[3]; // stores the speed of the bullet
// the bullet is sensitive to impacts with entities and level blocks
my.emask = ENABLE_IMPACT | ENABLE_ENTITY | ENABLE_BLOCK;
my.event = remove_bullets; // when it collides with something, its event function (remove_bullets) will run
my.pan = weapon1.pan;
my.tilt = weapon1.tilt;
bullet_speed.x = 35 * time_step; // adjust the speed of the bullet here
bullet_speed.y = 0; // the bullet doesn't move sideways
bullet_speed.z = 0; // or up / down on the z axis
while (my) // this loop will run for as long as the bullet exists (it isn't "NULL")
{
// move the bullet ignoring its creator (weapon1)
c_move (my, bullet_speed, nullvector, IGNORE_PASSABLE | IGNORE_YOU);
wait (1);
}
}
function fire_bullets()
{
VECTOR bullet_pos[3];
// generate bullets from the 6th vertex of the weapon (get the vertex number from Med)
vec_for_vertex(bullet_pos, weapon1, 6);
ent_create("bullet.mdl", bullet_pos, move_bullets);
}
function bullets_startup()
{
on_mouse_left = fire_bullets;
}
F: Wie erreiche ich es, dass die Kugeln ein getroffenes Ziel töten können oder Trigger auslösen?
A: Hier ist ein Beispiel für beides.
BMAP* sparks_tga = "sparks.tga";
function fade_sparks(PARTICLE *p)
{
p.alpha -= 2 * time_step; // fade out the sparks
if (p.alpha < 0)
p.lifespan = 0;
}
function sparks_effect(PARTICLE *p)
{
set (my, PASSABLE);
p->vel_x = 5 - random(10);
p->vel_y = 5 - random(10);
p->vel_z = 5 - random(10);
p.alpha = 50 + random(50);
p.bmap = sparks_tga;
p.size = 5; // gives the size of the sparks
p.flags |= (BRIGHT | MOVE);
p.event = fade_sparks;
}
function got_shot()
{
// the event was triggered by player's body (and not by its bullets)? Then nothing should happen!
if (you == player) {return;}
effect(sparks_effect, 10, my.x, nullvector); // generate 10 particles at the origin of the target
var anim_percentage = 0;
my.event = NULL; // the enemy is dead here, so it shouldn't react to player's bullets from now on
while (anim_percentage < 100) // this loop will run until the "death" animation percentage reaches 100%
{
ent_animate(my, "death", anim_percentage, NULL); // play the "death" animation only once
anim_percentage += 3 * time_step; // "3" controls the animation speed
wait (1);
}
set (my, PASSABLE); // allow the player to pass through the corpse now
}
action target_entity()
{
my.emask = ENABLE_IMPACT | ENABLE_ENTITY; // the target is sensitive to impact with player's bullets
my.event = got_shot; // and runs its event function when it is hit
}
F: Ich brauche den Code für einen Hasen, der Hindernisse (Wände) feststellen und überwinden kann.
A: Bitte sehr.
action wall_jumper() // attach this action to your rabbit model
{
VECTOR wall_ahead[3];
VECTOR temp[3];
var jumper_height = 0;
var dist_to_ground = 0;
var anim_percentage = 0;
while (my.x < 1200) // jump all the walls until my.x reaches 1200 (play with 1200)
{
// create a vector that is placed 100 quants in front of the rabbit and close to its feet
vec_set (wall_ahead.x, vector (70, 0, -20)); // play with 100 and -20
vec_rotate (wall_ahead.x, my.pan);
vec_add (wall_ahead.x, my.x);
c_move (my, vector(10 * time_step, 0, jumper_height * time_step), nullvector, GLIDE); // 10 = movement speed
anim_percentage += 10 * time_step;
ent_animate(my, "rockrun", anim_percentage, ANM_CYCLE);
if (c_content(wall_ahead.x, 0) == 3) // detected a wall in front of the rabbit?
{
// then move upwards for as long as there's a wall in front of the rabbit
jumper_height = 90; // 90 gives the height of the jump, play with it
}
else // no wall is detected? The let's descend (or continue to move as before)
{
vec_set(temp.x, my.x);
temp.z -= 10000;
dist_to_ground = c_trace(my.x, temp.x, IGNORE_PASSABLE);
// keep the jumper with its feet above the ground and allow a bit of jumping on regular surfaces as well
if (dist_to_ground > 70) // play with 70
{
jumper_height = -dist_to_ground * 0.15 * time_step; // play with 0.15 (sets the descending speed)
}
}
wait (1);
}
}
F: Wie kann ich im Code des Gegners feststellen ob dieser von den Kugeln des Spielers oder von den Kugeln anderer Gegner getroffen wurde? Ich brauche das für mein Shooter Spiel.
A: Geben Sie einem bestimmten Skill der Kugeln des Spielers einen bestimmten Wert und überprüfen Sie diesen im Event Code des Gegners. Hier ist ein Beispiel.
function remove_bullets()
{
wait (1);
ent_remove (my);
}
function move_bullets()
{
VECTOR bullet_speed[3];
my.emask = ENABLE_IMPACT | ENABLE_ENTITY | ENABLE_BLOCK;
my.event = remove_bullets;
my.pan = you.pan;
my.tilt = you.tilt;
my.skill100 = 999999; // player's bullets will have their skill100 set to 999,999
bullet_speed.x = 35 * time_step;
bullet_speed.y = 0;
bullet_speed.z = 0;
while (my)
{
c_move (my, bullet_speed, nullvector, IGNORE_PASSABLE | IGNORE_YOU);
wait (1);
}
}
function got_shot()
{
// the event wasn't triggered by player's bullet" (skill100 isn't set to 999,999)? Then nothing should happen!
if (you.skill100 != 999999) {return;}
var anim_percentage = 0;
my.event = NULL;
while (anim_percentage < 100)
{
ent_animate(my, "death", anim_percentage, NULL);
anim_percentage += 3 * time_step;
wait (1);
}
set (my, PASSABLE);
}
action my_enemy()
{
my.emask = ENABLE_IMPACT | ENABLE_ENTITY;
my.event = got_shot;
}
function attach_weapon()
{
VECTOR bullet_pos[3];
set(my, PASSABLE);
while (1)
{
vec_set (my.x, vector (20, -10, 15));
vec_rotate (my.x, you.pan);
vec_add (my.x, you.x);
my.pan = you.pan;
my.tilt = camera.tilt;
if (mouse_left && (total_frames % 10 == 1)) // fire 6 bullets per second at a frame rate of 60
{
vec_for_vertex(bullet_pos, my, 6);
ent_create("bullet.mdl", bullet_pos, move_bullets);
}
wait (1);
}
}
action players_code()
{
fps_max = 60; // limit the frame rate to 60 fps
player = my;
ent_create ("weapon1.mdl", nullvector, attach_weapon);
while (1)
{
c_move (my, vector(10 * (key_w - key_s) * time_step, 6 * (key_a - key_d) * time_step, 0), nullvector, IGNORE_PASSABLE | GLIDE);
vec_set (camera.x, player.x);
camera.z += 30;
camera.pan -= 5 * mouse_force.x * time_step;
camera.tilt += 3 * mouse_force.y * time_step;
player.pan = camera.pan;
wait (1);
}
}
